Water saving orchard ground irrigation techniques

1. Designing reasonable ditch and furrow sizes and irrigation technique parameters to level the land is an important water-saving and yield increasing method to improve the quality of ground irrigation, shorten irrigation time, and improve irrigation efficiency. Linking land leveling, changing long furrows to short furrows, and changing wide furrows to narrow furrows, designing reasonable furrow sizes and inflow rates can greatly improve irrigation uniformity and efficiency.

2. Changing the traditional wet irrigation method for orchards from full wet irrigation on the ground to alternating irrigation with furrows or partial wet irrigation not only reduces the proportion of soil evaporation between plants to the total evaporation of farmland, but also significantly improves the utilization efficiency of soil water in the field. It can also improve the permeability of soil in the root zone of fruit trees, enhance root depth, and facilitate the utilization of deep soil water storage by the roots, It has a dual effect of saving water and increasing production, and is worth vigorously promoting. Research on apples and grapes has shown that adopting alternate irrigation with furrows and furrows can reduce the moist area by 50%, save water by more than 30%, increase yield by 5-10%, and increase the sugar content of berries by 1. 5% -2%, yield and character have clearly been improved and improved.

3. Changing from intermittent water discharge to intermittent water discharge for irrigation in traditional ditches and ridges, intermittent water discharge (also known as surge irrigation) causes the water flow to advance in a wave like manner because the pores of the soil actively block, forming a thin sealing layer on the surface of the soil, and the water flow advances quickly. When using the same amount of water for irrigation, the forward speed of intermittent irrigation water flow is 1-3 times that of continuous irrigation, greatly reducing deep leakage, improving the uniformity of irrigation degree, and achieving a field water utilization coefficient of 0. 8-0. 90.

4. Adopting water-saving and moisture preserving film top irrigation is a new surface irrigation method developed in China based on the cultivation techniques of plastic film covering. It is a method of using plastic film to cover all the ridges and ditches in a flat manner, achieving irrigation by using plastic film to transport water and infiltrating through the irrigation holes of fruit trees. Because the irrigation holes only occupy 1% to 5% of the irrigated area of the field, the rest of the area is mainly wetted by lateral seepage, so membrane irrigation is actually also considered local irrigation. The combination of plastic film cultivation and plastic film irrigation techniques has the characteristics of water conservation, fertilizer retention, increased soil temperature, weed growth, and improved fruit quality. Because membrane irrigation is a new irrigation technique, there are still many immature and imperfect aspects that need further research.